If you can find been a person immutable rule through American television heritage, it has been neighborhood information. Nearly from The instant the station to start with signed on air, they began carrying regional information exactly where sports activities generally performed a major part. An absence of dependable programming sources in these early a long time led quite a few stations to show to sporting activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. New York's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its 1st broadcast was knowledgeable baseball game ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When establishing nearby newscasts to match their viewers, these stations normally involved sporting activities and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's athletics studies ("The heritage of," 2003).
Athletics have held a dominant posture in area information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent business trends have known as into query this place. Segmented audiences, altering demographics, and declining news profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its area sporting activities phase. “Athletics has become the very last regions of Tv set in which folks do issues the way in which they always have,” suggests tv government Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a brand new approach is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Regional Television Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Affiliation(“Altering channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Challenge for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news to the local tv sports sector, which happens to be progressively under scrutiny from station execs. Even with its conventional existence inside community newscasts, sports activities have extensive been deemed a "tuning" factor. In line with a study through the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers mentioned they were being 'really fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'to some degree interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed desire within the weather conditions. "Sports are incredibly polarizing." reported television news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have shown that Females are significantly less keen on sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. In keeping with station news director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when nobody is listening is not really an excellent utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the Activity, while some have decreased their allotted time. Depending on the working day of the 7 days (weekends have extra sports time), sports activities segments have usually gained concerning a few and 5 minutes of area information protection. Given that number is down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA cut the time for sports by just a few and a 50 % minutes for 3 several hours of reports. Some 스포츠중계 others from the marketplace have carried out new ways, for example sports activities stories that focus more on people today than scores or cater to the wider information viewers. "What we're wanting to do now is address athletics as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do one thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Modifications in local athletics could be a reflection with the incredible upheaval going on in the course of broadcast news. Should the athletics sector is no longer Safe and sound, what about other information factors? CBS Team News Vp Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) mentioned, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] product.”
On a more rapid level, improvements inside the area sports activities sector instantly have an effect on thousands of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which might be reducing their motivation to sports may also be lessening their sports activities workforce degrees, which impacts the job industry. A further news director explained, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, one accountable for the information a few days per week, and it had been a struggle to remain there.”
Equally crucial, improvements in just how sports are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to discover new solutions. No longer can sportscasters concentrate on scoring. They've got for making the presentation extra engaging for regular lovers. This is often also important for journalism faculties across the country, which ought to doc what stations want from the sporting activities sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these variations work or persist? Sports journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment right until September, in the event the Steelers, college, and highschool soccer seasons get started in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”